The plane was flying from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur on July 17 2014 when it was shot down over eastern Ukraine.
Workers transport a piece of the Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 wreckage at the site of the plane crash in 2014
All 283 passengers and 15 members of crew were killed.
Prosecutors investigating the incident said on Thursday they had identified that the missile used to shoot down the plane came from Russia’s armed forces.
Wilbert Paulissen, head of the crime squad of the Netherlands’ national police, said the missile was fired from Russia’s 53rd Anti-Aircraft Brigade.
All the vehicles in a convoy carrying the missile were part of the Russian armed forces, he told a televised news conference.
Russia has denied involvement in the incident.
The investigators have analysed video images before coming to their decision.
Paulissen was speaking at a presentation of interim results of the long-running investigation.